VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY RISK
For the past 50 or 75 years there has been a good deal written on the question of voluntary and involuntary risk, and the perception of what is acceptable and unacceptable to individuals in their personal lives. A rather simplistic primer on how this works follows:
1. Voluntary Risk: This is the risk that an individual will accept for either doing a job, enjoying a sport, or deciding to take an action which results in saving another from harm whether a child, parent or stranger.
2. Involuntary Risk: This is the risk one will permit the government or society to impose upon the individual where the only recourse to the individual is the power of the ballot box, or the courts, to question whether that level of risk is appropriate. Think of a nuclear facility at the Swoope site, or a toxic chemical plant in the now clearly defined industrial zone next to Rinkers on US 1.
Accepting a pursuing and accepting a position with a fire or police department is a voluntary risk, and those that do so knowingly make a choice as to the level of risk they will accept based on the amount of reward offered.
Back in WWII, the United States Eighth Air force in its daylight bombing raids over Germany (1943-1945) suddenly found that there was a marked increase in crews claiming to be sick when the raids intensified and crew losses exceeded 25%. The solution to this problem was to expand the area of the bombing runs and reduce the risk of being shot down to less than 25% on any given mission. This was accomplished by keeping larger portions of the formations within areas where fighters could protect the bombers and reduce the risk of being shot down.
Now this was voluntary risk, regardless of whether the crews were drafted or not, and the crews were motivated to destroy an enemy which sought to kill them and their love ones. But it showed that even highly motivated individuals willing to expose themselves to risk, were not willing to reduce their chance of survival by participating in situations where the cumulative risk would be almost certain death.
On the other hand, the men who entered Chernobyl after it melted down knew they would die of radiation poisoning. They sacrificed their lives. The man who jumps in front of a speeding car to push a kid out of the way falls into the same category. They accept the risk for a perceived greater good. They are heroes and we honor them accordingly. We also honored those Eighth Air Force crews who daily flew into immense danger to protect us all.
Then there is the black diamond run at the ski slope, the sharks in the inlet that might mistake a surfer's foot for a mullet, and skateboards, and inline skates for the kid who ignores the statistics for injuries they may cause. We not only accept these risks, but also brag that our 15 year old can traverse the high-risk slope without body injury. We make these choices for ourselves, and our loved ones.
Involuntary risk is another matter. The chance of radiation poisoning might only be one in one hundred million. Nevertheless, the public does not want an atomic fission plant in its back yard. You might let your kid have a skateboard “knowing” that he will be in the hospital with a broken bone or two within the year, but propose a nuclear plant and everyone shows up to complain. The Three Mile Island incident was clearly dangerous, but no one was injured. Thousands evacuated despite the low or limited risk. However, that risk is forced on you by your government, not something you do for just the fun of it.
The young statistician who figured out the first of these risk categories for the Eighth Air force was Chauncey Starr, and after WW II he went on to work for one of the large electric industry think tanks. There is probably a bunch of statisticians out there today who can elaborate on our simplistic statement of these categories, but the general principal is that there is a vast difference between the risk you accept for yourself, as opposed to what you allow others force upon you. Which leads us to police and fire personnel.
The supposed high risk factor promulgated by our local fire and police departments to justify higher pay ignores the fact that they sought and accepted the job. Voluntary risk clearly extends to the workplace. Fishing and logging related jobs are risky. Working at a desk in New Smyrna Beach is not. Being a police patrol officer has more risk than does the Police Chief, and if acceptance of risk is the primary factor for being rewarded, the Police Chef should be the lowest paid employee in the police department. He does not answer calls at 4 AM in the morning, and if he is at a crime scene, it is after the fact. In fact, most of us only see Chief Pagano in full dress uniform, or at Commission meetings where he is required to appear. Neither position is statistically as risky as a large number of jobs performed by people who are not highly rewarded. As one wag has continued to state, the Krispy Kreme driver has a much riskier job. Nor do these other groups count heart attacks at the truck terminal or driving accidents as requiring hero status, (Orlando just put up a plaque where the names of fire department personnel who died of heart attacks at the fire station are enshrined, we are told.).
In another article today, we state specifically that these are important jobs and should be reasonably paid, however, they are not particularly dangerous jobs, and even if they were, the people who take them weigh the risk against the compensation reward. Cindy Richenberg did, and accepted a $35,000 salary with a fixed but modest pension as adequate for 20 years. Think 2001. What changed was that she had an effective advocate for enormous pay and pensions increases in her active union, a windfall of unprecedented property tax revenue to the municipal governments in the State, and elected officials with neither the ability nor the foresight to see that you could not just give away government resources without regard to the future consequences for taxpayers. Fixing it is harder than if they said “no” to the last contract three years ago when they agreed to a 3% calculation for pensions, and only a 1% contribution level. However, fix it they must, and to fix it now is a necessity.